Gambling is an activity in which a person stakes or risks something of value (e.g., money, property) on an event with a uncertain outcome. This activity excludes bona fide business transactions valid under the law of contracts, like stocks and bonds, or life, health, and accident insurance. It can be an enjoyable pastime, but when it is not controlled it can cause serious problems for those who engage in the behavior. This is known as problem gambling.
Behavioral disinhibition is an established correlate of problem gambling, and research suggests that it contributes to a range of negative consequences. These include the deterioration of a person’s physical or mental health, performance at work or school, and relationships with family and friends. Moreover, it can lead to debt and even homelessness. It can also affect a person’s emotional state, making them feel anxious or depressed.
The definition of gambling varies by jurisdiction and may vary from game to game. Some forms of gambling require a high level of skill, while others involve chance. For example, card games like poker, blackjack, and spades, as well as dice games, are considered to be a form of gambling because the stakes are money or chips that can be won or lost. People also place bets on sports events, such as football games and horse races, for a prize that is often substantial in amount. In addition, some people participate in social gambling by placing bets with others in a private setting, such as a friend or co-worker, for entertainment and social interaction.
Many people who gamble do so responsibly and within their means. However, problem gambling is an issue that can impact anyone – regardless of age, race, or gender. Those with gambling disorders can become hooked on the feeling of excitement and euphoria that comes with betting, even when they lose. The reason is that the brain releases dopamine, a feel-good neurotransmitter, whether you win or lose.
While some people can overcome their addictions, most will need help from professionals to do so. Treatment options include counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. Medications are not currently used to treat gambling disorders, but they may be helpful for addressing co-occurring conditions like depression or anxiety.
It is important for family and friends to recognize the signs of gambling disorder and to seek help if necessary. The more support they can get, the better for their loved one’s chances of overcoming the behavior. They can also seek out other activities that promote healthy, positive thinking, such as exercising, joining a book club or hobby group, enrolling in an education class, or volunteering for a good cause. In addition, they can consider a peer support program, such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is based on the 12-step model of recovery developed by Alcoholics Anonymous. This type of support group provides guidance, accountability, and understanding. This article has been reviewed for accuracy by the publisher.